The Leader Principle and the Messianic Impulse in Democratic-Republican Politics

The authoritarian tendencies of the Democratic-Republican Party, the duopoly system of government and the two-party state are perhaps nowhere more clear than in the cult of the executive that views all political antagonism and struggle through the prism of presidential politics. The fantasy of the "great leader" capable of resolving irreducible conflicts by means of charisma and force of will is as at home in the Republican church of Ronald Reagan as it is in the Democratic myth of Camelot. The nostalgia for a golden age that never existed is the flip-side of the utopian desire for that which will never come. And these people call themselves pragmatists!

This messianic impulse also conditions the conception of the potential for third party and independent politics among those who have yet to fully liberate themselves from the ideology that sustains the two-party state. At The Whig, Septimus excerpts an article by Mort Kondracke, executive editor of Roll Call and cable news talking head, in Real Clear Politics entitled, "Economy is Weak, Voters are Angry – Time for a Third Party?" Yet, when Kondracke says "third party" what he means is "a candidate for president who is neither a Democrat nor a Republican." He writes:
with Republicans and Democrats fighting all the time and improving nothing, there's an opening for a third-party challenge as strong as Ross Perot's in 1992 . . . The likeliest figure to seize upon this opening is populist demagogue (and self-styled "Mr. Independent") Lou Dobbs, formerly of CNN, so let's hope a better alternative appears - or the direction of the country improves.
The very way in which Kondracke substantiates his argument reveals his capitulation to the authority of the executive. The bulk of the piece relays the social-political analysis of his "favorite economic guru, David Smick":
Smick agrees that the moment is ripe for a third-party candidate - "a problem-solving, no-nonsense leader who can come to Washington to clean out the swamp created by both political parties." . . . He's not talking about Lou Dobbs here. Or former Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin (R). And unfortunately, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg (I) and Gen. David Petraeus don't seem to be running. But there is an opening. Help wanted.
Given that Glenn Beck has just announced his "100 year plan," Kondracke might also have added this talk show host to his list as well. Nonetheless, the false premise underlying this speculative line of argument is perfectly clear, namely, that this is within the power of the President of the United States. The United States does not need more leaders it needs fewer followers. The only people who can "clean out the swamp" in Washington DC are the people of the United States, who would need only to cease voting for the stooges of the Democratic and Republican Parties election after election to achieve such a remarkable result.

However, for those who have not yet fully liberated themselves from the straitjacket of duopoly ideology, the latter appears possible only on the basis of a mass movement subsumed under the leader principle. The paradox here is readily apparent: the devolution of power is conceived as contingent upon its gross consolidation. This bias reveals one of the more insidious aspects of the Democrat-Republican two-party state. The point of the separation of powers, constitutive of the United States, is to diffuse power. Insofar as the Republican and Democratic Parties represent, and aim for, nothing more than the accumulation and concentration of power, the two-party system is antithetical to constitutional government.

Wanted: Anyone But These People II

Ballot Access News reports on the results from a poll in Michigan which found that an absolute majority of voters would consider voting for an independent gubernatorial candidate in 2010:
54% of Michigan voters consider it “likely” or “very likely” that they would consider supporting an independent gubernatorial candidate in 2010. Only 12% said it is “unlikely” that they would consider that idea . . . Also, when voters are asked which major party they intend to support in 2010 legislative races, 25% say Democratic, and 24% say Republican, with the remainder saying they don’t know or “someone else”.
Unfortunately, in Michigan there are no declared independent or third party candidates for governor next year, at least as far as I am aware, and there is but one such candidate for Congress. Scott Aughney is running for office in Michigan's 7th CD as an "independent conservative."

Wanted: Anyone but these people.

The Wisconsin State Journal bemoans the lack of competition in the state's Republican and Democratic gubernatorial primaries and even goes so far as to call for third party challengers for the governor's seat:
It's as if the Democratic and Republican primaries for governor have already wrapped up 10 months before voters get their say.

Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett is the lone Democrat of note seeking his party's nomination next September. Milwaukee County Executive Scott Walker is the leading candidate for the Republican nomination . . . the bigwigs in the Democratic and Republican parties seem bent on crowning their respective kings long before most voters even focus on the race . . .

Both Barrett and Walker are strong candidates with extensive experience, support and contrasting ideas. But voters deserve more choice, ideas and debate. That's what statewide primaries are supposed to provide. Instead, neither major party may have a competitive primary for the second gubernatorial election in a row . . .

Voters should encourage more candidates to jump or stay in the race. Let the candidates know you have an open mind and won't be swayed by slick TV ads. Former Libertarian candidate for governor Ed Thompson also showed in 2002 that third-party voices can enrich the debate even if the political system is stacked against them.

Thompson is the mayor of Tomah, Wisconsin. In 2002, he garnered 11% of the vote in his bid for governor on the Libertarian ticket.

Third Party and Independent Web Roundup

In the news:
Ballot Access News relays an article from Illinois "about a Democratic Party-connected challenge to the Green Party’s candidate for U.S. House in the 14th district." The Green Party candidate is Dan Kairis, whose petition signatures are being challenged by Democrat (?) Jean Cattron. Get this quote from Cattron justifying the petition challenge: "He's just one of those perennial candidates . . . I just feel like everybody should play by the same rules." In American politics there are few things more pathetic than Democrats and Republicans whining "it's not fair" that they should face competition from independent and third party candidates.
• At Independent Political Report, Ross Levin collects a number of items pertaining to the story, also out of Illinois, regarding "a (possibly former) Young Democrat named Sean Burke [who] is running in the Green Party primary for Cook County Board President in Illinois. There has been some concern that he is some kind of saboteur from the Democratic Party." The Green Party in Illinois's paranoia may be justified given neo-Nazi attempts to claim the group's banner in state elections.

From the parties:
• The American Conservative Party critiques what I'll call "Messianic Republicanism": "The American Conservative Party was founded by a group of people who grew disillusioned with the Republican party . . . we finally decided that not only was there no Messiah of the Right, but there should not be such an icon."
• The Communist Party USA urges: "keep up the momentum for strong health care reform now."
• In a commentary for the Constitution Party, Darrel Castle also broaches the topic of health care reform, writing: "I would argue then that rather than opposing healthcare reform of any kind, our approach should be to offer a different healthcare solution . . . The only thing that will bring costs down is a system of true free market competition."
• The Green Party highlights an effort by Georgia Greens challenging the state's congressional delegation to "shut down" the military training camp known as the School of the Americas.
• The Libertarian Party blog reports that, following the party's call for candidates last week, 167 people responded within two days.
Empire State News reports on the development of the Modern Whig Party in New York.
• The US Pirate Party is currently in the process of identifying "possible municipal level policies for the party."

In the blogs:
• At A Green State of Mind, Darin Robbins "deconstructs the first amendment."
• At Bonzai, Mike Farmer argues that Libertarians need to "reclaim the right."
Buelahman observes that corporatists "blame government for the failure of corporate America . . . And both parties are complicit."
Fundman is back at Contra-Duopoly, and finds "some truth behind the rhetoric."
• Delaware Libertarian relays seven reasons to leave Afghanistan now.
Green Party Watch reports on the Georgia Green party's plans "to address the issue of the high rate of incarceration among African-Americans."
• At Least of All Evils, Dale Sheldon show how "a majority of a majority is a minority" under plurality voting.
Northern Virginia Whig provides his take on healthcare.
• At Mirror On America, Liberal Arts Dude compares conservative with progressive political infrastructure.
• The Prog Blog reflects on "consumerism, expectations and government."
• At The Whig, Septimus relays an article by the executive editor of Roll Call, calling for third party solutions to the problems created by two-party politics.
Sam Wilson reflects on "the conservative victim mentality" at The Think 3 Institute.

On the Independence of Independents and the Primary Process

This weekend, reportedly, the North Carolina Republican Executive Committee will vote on a resolution to decide whether or not to close the party's primaries to independent voters. From the Greensboro News & Record, via The Hankster:
Elected Republican leaders, state party officials and activists are debating a proposal that would close the party’s primaries to all but registered members of the GOP. Currently, unaffiliated voters may choose whether to vote in the Republican or Democratic primaries or to vote in neither. The Republican executive committee is expected to consider a change to the party’s policy Saturday. Proponents of the change say open primaries have diluted the Republican brand, yielding candidates who do not always cleave to the party’s conservative ideals.

At Public Policy Polling, Tom Jensen disagrees:

When you actually look at the numbers [in NC] the premise that allowing unaffiliateds to vote in Republican primaries gives moderates undue power is false. The independents who participate in GOP primaries are almost as conservative as registered Republican voters.

Of the state's roughly 6 million voters, says WXII12, "2,764,855 voters are registered as Democrat, 1,931,452 are Republican and 1,379,385 are unaffiliated." The Hankster writes, from the link above:

The parties will continue to open or close their primaries depending on what they stand to gain or lose in the next election based on media polls. That's why we need national policy that supports a primary voting system that allows independents the right to participate.

Nancy broached this topic on our first Blog Talk Radio discussion, and there are good arguments to be made on both sides of the issue. On the one hand, it is reasonable for parties to stipulate that only registered members may vote in their primaries, as a matter of simple free association. On the other hand, given the duopoly system of government, one can easily imagine a situation where the majority of voters are disenfranchised by such a state of affairs. Of course, nothing is stopping independent voters from casting a ballot in the closed primary of their choice except their unwillingness to declare an affiliation with one of the two major parties, but then, however, they would no longer be independents. In the other case, that of the open (or semi-closed) primary system, wherein independents are allowed to vote in the Democratic or Republican primary and then go on to vote for the Democratic or Republican candidate in the general election, one is justified in asking in what way such voters could reasonably be termed "independent" since, at least in terms of their voting behavior, they are effectively indistinguishable from Republicans or Democrats. Thus, both closed and semi-closed primary systems function to undermine the independence of independents, and maintain a co-dependent relationship between voters and the duopoly parties. The clearest assertion of political independence remains the support of candidates who are independent of the Democratic and Republican Parties.

Returning to the situation in North Carolina, the Winston-Salem Journal writes that, "North Carolina voters must wonder whether the people who run their major political parties have any sense." Actually, there are probably quite a few who wonder for whom this is still a question. The editorial concludes:

If the [Republican] executive committee excludes independents from GOP primaries, the party may get candidates more purely conservative -- at least according to the definition of "conservative" the committee uses. But at the same time, the GOP will be telling independents that they aren't welcome. Moderates are invited to vote with the GOP only in general elections but certainly not welcome to run for office as a Republican or take part in party affairs. That may not make any sense, but there is good news for Republicans. Their competition isn't any smarter.

A group called "Progressive Democrats of North Carolina" is very upset by the scandals surrounding former Gov. Mike Easley and his fund-raising. (Most voters share this concern.) So, these Democrats want their party to push for good government reforms, especially involving large contributions to the state parties. This is a totally reasonable request, but the Democrats' executive director essentially told these voters to mind their own business. After telling The Insider newsletter that the party already supports some of the suggested reforms, he added, "While we welcome and respect the opinions and constructive input of this organization, it is important to note that they are not affiliated with the North Carolina Democratic Party." "Not affiliated?" Of course they are. They are registered to vote as Democrats.
Update: Ballot Access News reports that "the North Carolina Republican Party decided to continue letting independent voters vote in its primaries."

Each Tree Shall Be Known By Its Fruit: By the Time the Machines are Ready, It will Already be Too Late.

Given the contemporary political climate, an apparent uptick in popular references and allusions to Richard Hofstadter's 1964 essay "The Paranoid Style in American Politics" on both sides of the duopoly divide was likely inevitable. One of the constitutive mechanisms of the paranoid style is, of course, psychological projection and so we should not be surprised to find that projection is a constitutive element of US politics under the conditions of the two-party state. The ubiquity of projection in Democratic-Republican politics may go some way toward accounting for the universality of hypocrisy among the partisans of the Democratic and Republican Parties. We can be almost certain that when a Democrat accuses a Republican of corruption, dishonesty or hypocrisy, and vice versa, the charge will hold just as much for the one who levels it as it does for the one against whom it is leveled. It is no coincidence that the greater part of Democratic-Republican politics amounts to little more than the revelation of such inconsistencies and has thus deteriorated from ad rem argumentation to ad hominem, if not ad personam, attack.

Nonetheless, when arguing with supporters of the two-party state, advocates of third party and independent politics can, in many if not most cases, safely assume that any charge against third party and independent activism holds just as well for the politics of the duopoly system of government. For instance, duopolists are fond of claiming that third parties are little more than personality cults, which is highly ironic coming from supporters of the Republican church of Ronald Reagan and the Democratic idolization of Barack Obama. But perhaps a more concrete example is in order. Since "Palin posts" are now obligatory, let's consider the former governor's recent interview with Rush Limbaugh.
LIMBAUGH: What are your thoughts now on the viability of a third party if the Republican Party can't be brought around?

PALIN: You know, to be brutally honest, I think that it's a bit naive when you talk about the pragmatism that has to be applied in America's political system. And we are a two-party system. Ideally, sure, a third party or an independent party would be able to soar and thrive and put candidates forth and have them elected, but I don't think America is ready for that. I think that it is... Granted it's quite conventional and traditional, but in a good way that we have our two parties, and I think that that's what will remain. [Emphasis added.]
So, according to Palin, third party and independent activism is naive and idealistic given the two-party system, and so pragmatism is required, pragmatism being defined as deference to the parties that control the state. For the moment, let's recall the maxim which states that pragmatism sounds good in theory but doesn't work in practice. Limbaugh continues:
LIMBUAGH: But these magical, whatever it is, 20% of people that are not identified or do not self-identify themselves with either party, what's the way to get them?

PALIN: I think just naturally independents are going to gravitate towards that Republican agenda and Republican platform because the planks in our platform are the strongest to build a healthy America. We're all about cutting taxes and shrinking government and respecting the inherent rights of the individual and strengthening families and respecting life and equality. You have to shake your head and say, "Who wouldn't embrace that? Who wouldn't want to come on over?"
Palin would do well to observe with the evangelist: "Each tree is recognized by its own fruit." With the appropriate substitutions, the very same argument could have been put forward by any given Democratic demagogue. The only people who are so naive as to be convinced by such arguments today are Republicans and Democrats, the dead-enders of the duopoly parties, whose utopian idealism serves nothing more than the ruling establishment and political status quo, when it dictates that a third party or independent candidate for office could never win an election but that the Democratic and Republican Parties will be reformed over the course of the next election cycle. Those who are attracted to the Democratic or Republican Party on the basis of their stated platforms and agendas are like the ill-fated cartoon creatures who never fail to take the bait and always live to regret it.

It is not "America" or the people of the United States who are "not ready" for an independent politics, for a politics independent of the Democratic and Republican graft and patronage machines, rather it is the graft and patronage machines of the Democratic-Republican Party and their enablers in the mainstream media and political establishment that are "not ready" for an independent politics. And they will remain "not ready" until they can be assured that any "new" politics will ensure the smooth functioning of the machines that (re)produce the political status quo. By the time the machines are ready, it will already be too late.

Toward a Green-Libertarian Alliance

At Independent Political Report and Libertarian Intelligence, Brian Holtz seeks common ground between Libertarians and Greens:
I'm happy for us Libertarians to work with Greens on issues where we agree. I'm happy for Greens to be better civil libertarians, I'm happy for Libertarians to more green, and I'm happy for both to promote electoral reform, ballot access, and decentralizing government . . .

I'm skeptical that local GP+LP fusion candidacies can accomplish much in the absence of narrow short-term local policy goals, but I'd be happy to find out I'm wrong. GP+LP fusion won't send the right electoral signal unless there is a clear national-level statement of our common ground.

There are two good possible starting points for such a statement: 1) the Free Earth Manifesto, and 2) this redacted version of the Democratic Freedom Caucus platform. I would love for an intellectually-adventurous Green Party insider to take her red (or green) pen to either document and see how little she could cross out before finding the remainder supportable. I'm confident that the remainder would still be a bold and powerful statement for human liberty and ecological wisdom.
On this topic, see also Roderick T. Long's Libertarian reading of the Green Party's "Ten Key Values" in which he attempts to demonstrate the commensurability of Green and Libertarian politics. It seems like a fair amount of the impetus toward a Green-Libertarian strategic alliance is coming from the Libertarians. Anyone familiar with Green overtures toward Libertarians?

The Way of the Whigs

At The Whig, Septimus expands upon "four key Whiggish principles" in distinguishing the Modern Whigs from Democrats and Republicans and the duopolist order of the Democratic-Republican Party:
In Modern Whig positions, we can identify four key Whiggish principles — a Modern Whig Agenda around which our future policies are to be formed. These principles are:
  1. favoring the legislature over the executive
  2. favoring the interests of small business over concentrated wealth
  3. favoring toleration of non-conformists
  4. promoting ordered liberty against the arbitrary powers of the State.
In short, the Modern Whig is the champion of the individual and of the underdog.
He concludes:
Too often, people in positions of power in government regard liberties as something to be granted, rather than something the government takes away. America has sometimes been far from perfect in this regard. But other systems in other nations have very often been awful.

Now we can clearly see that the common approach of the Democrats and the Republicans share a philosophy that is the Whig's age-old adversary -- the use of government to benefit a select few at the expense of the people. It aims to ensure and improve the welfare of established stakeholders. It is automatically the friend of big business and regulation, because these make its bargaining processes possible. It uses the power of government to restrict entry of new competition, either in ideas, business, and politics.

In contrast, Modern Whigs, favor an open, responsive legislature, free markets, tolerance and liberty. Modern Whigs are the champion of the individual and of the underdog.

So It Goes in Rotterdam: Internal Exclusion

At The Rotterdam Windmill, Michael O'Connor provides a post-election analysis on his independent run for town council in Rotterdam, NY:
The election is over. I lost. The alternative choice we had hoped to provide by creating the independent No New Tax Party ballot line was not fully embraced by the electorate, although we pulled some significant numbers in spite of prognostications otherwise. In the end, it simply wasn’t enough.

The ramifications of our involvement though have caused many to speculate that “we split the vote” and were responsible for the paradigm shift of power in the town. A Republican supermajority was transformed into a Democrat supermajority overnight. It was a Democrat sweep of epic proportion.

So what does that mean? First, it means some people (ousted Republican incumbents and their leadership) are really, really p*ssed. They attribute the loss solely to the existence of the No New Tax Party. They assume that we split the vote and ALL our votes, or at least the majority of them, would’ve gone to the Republican candidate. Maybe, but I don’t agree. The argument is fair enough but I think it’s too simplistic. Here’s why: it doesn’t account for the fact that we appealed to independent voters, some that may not have even voted otherwise and also that we commanded many Democrat votes as well. It also doesn’t account for the impact of an ill-advised Republican attempt to create a new town-wide tax district prior to the election. In other words, it’s plausible that the Republicans lost because of their own missteps. [Emphasis added.] There is an element of party arrogance that hasn’t been acknowledged. People definitely wanted and voted for “change.” We tried to provide it in the form of the No New Tax Party but instead the voter opted for the “change” offered by the Democrats. In my opinion, the Republicans would’ve lost the election either way, albeit by a narrower margin perhaps.

Let’s take a closer look at my race in particular. Remember, I won the primary in September to secure the Republican ballot line and thus, essentially returned the dynamic in my race to the traditional dynamic of two-party politics. I was competing in a separate, special election rolled into the general election. My opponent was a Democrat, who also had the Conservative endorsement. I’ve been the recipient of some Republican leadership wrath because they lost control of the town when their candidates fell to the Democrats. They blame me. I don’t believe the blame is warranted but I understand how I make a convenient scapegoat. If the Republican leadership really was interested in keeping seats, they would’ve supported me after I rightfully won the Republican primary. They didn’t. Moreover, a prominent Republican state assemblyman appeared on my Democratic opponent’s campaign mailer days before the general election. [Emphasis added.] I lost by 572 votes and actually commanded more total votes than either of the two big dog Republican candidates running for the 4 year terms in the other race. Not too shabby in my book.
Read the whole thing. Given that Michael established an independent ballot line for the No New Tax Party, and secured the Republican nomination in that party's primary, the response to his effort by the local Republican Party establishment is doubly instructive. By framing the No New Tax Party as a third party "spoiler," GOP leaders can avoid taking any responsibility for their party's loss. On the other hand, even though he was endorsed by a majority of Republican voters, Michael was still effectively marginalized as an outsider by the GOP establishment, which may well have cost him the election. This is another example of what I have previously called 'internal exclusion':
the duopoly parties systematically exclude third party interests from everyday political discourse and activity, while framing this disenfranchisement as a triumph of democracy and non-partisan law-making . . . However, it should also be noted that such exclusionary policies and practices are not confined to eliminating external threats to the order of the duopoly. Two-party discipline also necessitates what we may call internal exclusions, which maintain the 'integrity' (and I use this term loosely) of the established structure of power . . . The two party system maintains and reproduces itself by means of external exclusions possible only on the basis of the bipartisan front, as well as internal exclusions which consolidate the power of party elites via the discipline of the good old boys and girls clubs.

Restructuring and Realignment among the Whigs

In other Whig news, Septimus reports on a break between the Florida Whig Party and the Modern Whig Party:

First, a little background. The "Florida Whig Party" pre-dated the Modern Whig Party by over a year. After the formation of the Modern Whigs, they decided to ally themselves with the Modern Whigs on a national level . . .

Although both groups are frustrated and unhappy with the Democrats and Republicans in Congress, the two groups had two different base philosophies, and different remedies to issues. The Modern Whigs wanted to reduce partisanship, and adopt reasonable, centrist, and moderate solutions. The "Florida Whigs" were sympathetic with the rhetoric and solutions presented by the far right. After joining, they attempted to moderate some of their rhetoric, but the tension was always there. Recent statements and positions taken by the "Florida Whigs" were criticized by the rest of the Modern Whig membership . . .

So, it is important to note that future statements, actions, and candidates of the "Florida Whigs" are not related to, and have nothing to do with the larger, moderate, national, Modern Whig Party, of which I remain a proud supporter.

It appears that the Florida Whigs were likely caught between their association with the moderate positions of the Modern Whig Party and the conservative orientation of the Tea Party Patriots. For its part, the Florida Whig Party states on its website:

The Florida Whig Party discontinued its voluntary association with the Modern Whig (Party) Club in November of 2009 pending a response to a formal request to the past Chair for an independent financal audit, identification of the Club treasurer, a certification as to the true membership of the Club, a copy of the minutes, resolutions, and votes for all meetings since inception by the Board of Directors, and a complete roster of all independent and appointed state and local Whig leaders, clubs, and organizations. Each member of the FWP Board of Directors has a professional, healthly, ongoing, and open line of communications with the new Chairperson, Elaine Stephens, since the abrupt resignation of the former Chair and will revisit the affiliation issue after Chairperson Stephens is able to obtain full control over the organization.

Septimus alluded to this simmering tension the other day when he warned against the dangers of "ideological and political cul de sacs":

Too often, one can get lulled into a political cul de sac, or an ideological dead end. A mental location where trite answers are taken as profound wisdom, where platitudes substitute for analysis, and blind following takes the place of active engagement. The media contributes to this, as one can now choose between news sources that reinforce what you already believe, and never challenge preconceived biases. In effect, one ends up in a political cul de sac, out of touch with the rest of the community and likely to not know much about the folks who live on the other side of the fences of their blocked-off ideas . . .

However, one of the things that attracted me to the Modern Whigs was their emphasis on not being caught in these ideological dead ends:

Since we have the benefit of essentially starting from scratch, we plan on doing things completely different than that of the established third parties, as well as the kooky fringe groups.

We plan on making our own path and will avoid the temptation of "preaching to the choir" and "believing our own propaganda.” The point is that our membership base of moderate, independent-minded voters -- to include relatively large amounts of service members/veterans -- affords us a credible and compelling mainstream base to work from that most other groups lack.

It will be difficult for a start up political party to turn its back on those trapped in the cul de sac, but the Modern Whig Party was founded to be part of the political mainstream . . . The solution is therefore obvious. Those who insist on "their way or the highway" must be allowed on their way, while the Modern Whigs take the highway to moderation, centrism, grass-roots development, practical ideas, and long-term growth.

New Jersey Whig: Independent Advocacy against Voter Co-Dependency

Gene Baldassari was a Modern Whig Party candidate for the New Jersey State Assembly in the 2009 elections. Baldassari "polled 1.22% of the vote, according to unofficial returns," as we read at Ballot Access News. In his analysis of the election's results, the Whig emphasizes the power of incumbency and the necessity of changing the mentality, if not the very political consciousness, of the American electorate:

In the recent NJ Assembly election, every incumbent was re-elected. There were about 95 challengers, each with different degrees of political experience, different tactics, and different levels of political expertise. There was not one winner among those who challenged an incumbent.

During the 2009 NJ election season, citizens complained about overpriced schools, the highest property taxes in the nation, and a bad business climate for jobs. But they re-elected the legislature that caused these problems. [Emphasis added.]

Then there were the citizens who spoke about the need to break the addiction on high taxation and irresponsible spending caused by the monopoly parties. But, out of fifteen independent Assembly candidates, all, except one candidate, received about one percent of the vote. There was one candidate who received three percent of the vote. That was hardly a resounding cry to break the stronghold . . .

The voting majority behaves as if it is unpatriotic or sinful to vote for anyone who is not a member of a monopoly party. These monopoly parties are collectively guaranteed almost all of the votes, to the exclusion of candidates who are not running with these party labels.

Consequently, the voting majority has given the monopoly parties the ability to alter voter perception in order to sway votes between these monopoly parties. They promote voting for the better of two evils so that everyone believes that evil is their only option. Because they can limit their campaigning to shifting votes rather than earning them, very few of them would win if they had to compete for votes the same way as non-members of the monopoly (third parties) . . .

This voter mindset must be broken before we can kill the political beast that destroyed our country. That is why voter education is more important than ever. [Emphasis added.]

Low Voter Turnout: Crisis of Democracy, Condition for the Reproduction of the Two-Party State

Arguably, one of the most important strategic questions for independent and third party activists is how to motivate non-voters in future elections. Voter turn-out was quite low, for instance, in the gubernatorial elections in Virginia and New Jersey, where 39% and roughly 45% (according to my calculations) of registered voters cast a ballot, respectively. Thus, though Bob McDonnell received 60% of the vote in Virginia, he only garnered the explicit support of 24% of registered Virginia voters. Similarly, in New Jersey, Chris Christie received 49% of the vote, but only garnered the explicit support of less than a quarter of New Jersey's registered voters. Partisans of the Democratic-Republican Party and supporters of the two-party state frequently maintain that low voter turn-out is a sign either of voter apathy or satisfaction. Yet, it might also express a rejection of the two-party political order as such.

Consider the following speculative scenario, which is somewhat fantastic. A majority of voters desire the election of third party and independent alternatives to the representatives of the political status-quo, as is consistently indicated in public opinion polls. However, they and many others are convinced that third party and independent alternatives are not viable candidates for office and do not stand a chance of winning because the two-party system is based on the election of Democrats and Republicans. On election day, a majority of serial non-voters appear at the polls, and cast blank ballots. "Blank" wins in a landslide.

Now consider this slightly different scenario, which is all too real. A majority of voters desire the election of third party and independent alternatives to the representatives of the political status-quo, as is consistently indicated in public opinion polls. However, they and many others are convinced that third party and independent alternatives are not viable candidates for office and do not stand a chance of winning because the two-party system is based on the election of Democrats and Republicans. On election day, a majority of voters do not cast ballots, and a Republican or Democrat is elected to office with the support of less than a quarter of registered voters.

It may well be the case that depressed voter turnout is simultaneously a crisis of representative government and a condition for the reproduction of the two-party state.

Working Familes Party: Vermont Chapter

The Working Families Party is probably most well known for its presence in New York, where it has established itself as a relatively powerful force in the politics of NYC, while upstate its relative weakness leaves it vulnerable to manipulation by operatives of the major parties. The party also has chapters in Connecticut, South Carolina and Orgeon. And now the Burlington Free Press reports that a new chapter is forming in Vermont:
A small group of Vermonters will take the first steps this week to establish a new political party -- the Working Families Party."Working Families is in a bunch of states now, and we think it is a good thing for Vermont," said Dan Brush of Woodbury . . .

"We are only going to deal with economic fairness issues," Brush said. "We don't want to get involved in a lot of other issues that just distract."

Brush said he didn't expect the party to run candidates, at least not many in the next election. Rather the party would look over candidates from Vermont's other parties for those who support positions important to the Working Families Party and offer endorsements and support.

Vermont is one of 10 states that allows candidates to run with more than one party affiliation noted on the ballot and those are the states that the Working Families Party have targeted. The party was founded in New York in 1998 and then spread to Connecticut . . .

Bob Master, co-chairman of the Working Families Party in New York and political director of Communications Workers of America District One, will visit Vermont next week to help build some enthusiasm for the new party. "We are pretty excited there are some folks in Vermont who have seen what we have done," Master said.

He argues that organizing a party that endorses major party candidates gives the working families voting block leverage inside the two-party system. He also said a political party has more staying power than coalitions built around particular issues. "What we have found is that by forming a party, we have been able to create stronger coalitions."

Bipartisan Immunity: Everyone is doing it.

A small story in the New York Times perfectly demonstrates how the Democratic-Republican Party does not advocate for the interests of the people of the United States but rather provides a voice for the lobbyists of global corporations:
In the official record of the historic House debate on overhauling health care . . . Statements by more than a dozen lawmakers were ghostwritten, in whole or in part, by Washington lobbyists working for Genentech, one of the world’s largest biotechnology companies . . . the lobbyists drafted one statement for Democrats and another for Republicans . . . Genentech, a subsidiary of the Swiss drug giant Roche, estimates that 42 House members picked up some of its talking points — 22 Republicans and 20 Democrats, an unusual bipartisan coup for lobbyists. [Emphasis added.]
The Times report, by Robert Pear, goes on to emphasize just how "unusual" this is:
It is unusual for so many revisions and extensions to match up word for word. It is even more unusual to find clear evidence that the statements originated with lobbyists. [Emphasis added.]
Ironically, however, Pear's sources among Washington's lobbying class do not corroborate his take on the matter:
Asked about the Congressional statements, a lobbyist close to Genentech said: “This happens all the time. There was nothing nefarious about it.”
In its brazen honesty, the radical cynicism of the lobbyist's response demonstrates the moral and political bankruptcy of the duopoly system of government under the leadership of the Democratic-Republican Party. Liberal Democratic partisans of the two-party state perceive this as a problem of "norms". Steve Benen writes: "That's hardly a reassuring statement about the norms of the institution." Matthew Yglesias concurs: "one of our problems in the United States is that the norms currently prevailing on Capitol Hill are not very admirable, and the culture is largely one of shamelessness and irresponsibility." These are highly abstract formulations, generalizing to the institution as such, and thus conveniently avoid drawing a more precise conclusion: the institutional norms on Capitol Hill are nothing more than a reflection of the Democratic-Republican culture of shamelessness and irresponsibility. But what is the actual norm at work here? Perhaps we can adapt Sam Wilson's concept of "partisan immunity". Sam writes:
the mere existence of two major parties who monopolize the government between them is proof enough for a dedicated partisan that any move by one party that might reflect badly on the other is automatically partisan . . . the unspoken concept of partisan immunity . . . allows each party to get away with numerous abuses of power or law on the assumption that the other party is less interested in upholding the law than in abusing power to destroy its opponent.
The lobbyist's response above is indicative of what we might call "bipartisan immunity," by which the duopoly parties collude to institutionalize abuses of law, power, and even transgressions of the most elementary codes of honor. The degeneracy and immaturity of the Democratic-Republican Congress is never more clear than when they plead: but everyone is doing it.

The Primary Illusion: the Democratic and Republican Parties are capable of representing the interests of the people of the United States

The specter of an organized independent movement among voters in the United States is likely a cause of great concern among Democratic and Republican strategists and other assorted partisans of the two-party state. Reflecting on the results from the NYC mayoral election, in which Michael Bloomberg was elected as an independent, Nancy Hanks writes at The Hankster:
At a time when the votes of both major parties Dems and Repubs went down, the 15 year old grassroots Independence Party doubled its vote . . . Partisan politics isn't the future of our country, but the search for an independent alternative might be.
I disagree here only with Nancy's use of the subjunctive in her conclusion. There is no future in the politics of the Democratic-Republican Party: there is only the present news cycle and the momentum of historical inertia. The two-party system is a nineteenth century electoral anachronism in the United States of the twenty-first century. Confronted with the rise of political independents, the duopoly parties are clearly in disarray, scrambling to retain some semblance of relevance for the many people who have already left them behind. It is no wonder duopolists are rethinking the primary process (psychoanalytic pun intended). In South Dakota, the Democratic Party is opening its primaries to independent voters. The Daily Republic editorializes:
The South Dakota Democratic Party’s governing members have decided to open their 2010 primary elections to participation by voters who are registered as independents. Should the South Dakota Republican Party do the same? We respect the right of a political party to govern its own affairs. But we think the Republicans would be wise to open their primary elections to independent voters, too. Without question, independents have been the fastest growing category of the three major groups of voters in South Dakota. [Emphasis added.] . . .

If these first-time voters aren’t naturally gravitating toward being Republicans or Democrats, or some other third party, we need to question not whether but why Republicans or Democrats aren’t representing the values of the emerging independent class of voters. [Emphasis added.] . . .

As of Oct. 1, registration stood at 82,348 independents; 235,206 Republicans; and 198,775 Democrats. Looking back just three years, registration for Election Day 2006 registration was 74,608 independents; 240,101 Republicans; and 190,905 Democrats. While Republicans and Democrats have gained, too, independents are the new third force in South Dakota politics, and getting them involved in selecting the party’s nominees for the general election ballot is smart politics in the long run for our state.
The question of why the Democratic and Republican Parties do not adequately represent increasingly large segments of the population is easy to answer: they simply can't. Unlike the political class, the US electorate is not bipolar in character, it is multi-polar. Arguably, it is structurally impossible for the two-party system to represent the diversity and the wide array of interests to be found among the people of the United States. Changing the primary process will not change this underlying reality. But the ruse may well succeed in extending the life of the two-party state for a little bit longer, at least through the next news cycle.

Third Party and Independent Web Roundup

In the news:
Ballot Access News reports on the New York Independence Party's showing in last week's mayoral election in NYC.
Independent Political Report carries a press release from the Green Party opposing the Democrats' bailout of the insurance industry in the guise of health care reform.
The Thirds relays word that Tim Cahill, independent gubernatorial candidate in MA, has rejected an offer to suspend his campaign and join Republican Charles Baker as the latter's running mate.
• At The Hankster, Nancy Hanks reflects on the significance of the New York Independence Party's efforts in the NYC mayoral election last week: "At a time when the votes of both major parties Dems and Repubs went down, the 15 year old grassroots Independence Party doubled its vote."

From the parties:
• The American Centrist Party features the independent campaign of Will Ritter for Maryland House of Delegates' District 32 on their front page.
• The American Conservative Party wants you to tell your Senators to vote no on health care reform.
• The Communist Party announces the launch of the new website for their media outlet People's World.
• For the Constitution Party, Mary Starrett reflects on the significance and import of Doug Hoffman's campaign in NY'23rd.
• The Green Party highlights Green candidates' gains in city council races nationwide.
• The Libertarian Party blog explains how to run for office.
• To account for its "surge in membership," the Modern Whig Party states that it is attracting moderate Republicans who have abandoned the GOP.
• The Pirate Party reflects on the meaning of "government transparency": "It means more than just "knowing what our government is doing.""
• The Socialist Party puts out a call for action against the School of the Americas on Nov. 20th.

In the blogs:
Attack the System provides a lengthy news digest.
Bonzai argues that duopolist government is the condition of its own failure.
• At Contra Duopoly, Fundman reflects on the outcome of the "Fox News war."
• At Delaware Libertarian, Steve Newton specifies the organizations he belongs to that promote genocide or homophobia.
• At An Ordinary Person, Liberal Arts Dude considers the options for an engaged citizenry 2.0.
Green Party Watch relays a story from Scoop Daily considering how the growth of independents could bolster the Green Party.
The Jacksonian Party considers "the foundations of law."
Least of All Evils relays "a press release of sorts" from the Center for Range Voting on the elections of 2009.
• In a guest post at The Maine View, Harris Parnell, the state director of the League of Young Voters, reflects on the defeat of marriage equality legislation in Maine's elections last week.
• At Daily Kos, rossl supports the National Initiative for Democracy.
• At The Rotterdam Windmill, Michael O'Connor has begun a series of posts offering a post-election analysis of his experience running for town council.
• At The Whig, Septimus reflects on the parasitical character of the political class.
• At The Think Three Institute, Sam Wilson reminds us that "moderation is not independence and independence is not moderation."

Anti-Incumbency and Independent Ascendancy

A new survey from the Pew Research Center highlights "widespread anti-incumbent sentiment" among likely voters and the electorate at large:
Only about a third (34%) of registered voters say they think most members of Congress should be re-elected next year, which is on par with ratings during the 1994 and 2006 elections. Meanwhile, just 52% of voters say they want to see their own member re-elected, approaching levels in early October 2006 (50%) and 1994 (49%). [Emphasis added.]

In November 1994, 68% of Democrats and 55% of Republicans favored the re-election of their own member of Congress, which is comparable to the current figures (64% of Democrats, 50% of Republicans). But today, just 42% of independents want to see their own representative re-elected, compared with 52% of independents on the eve of the 1994 midterm elections.

Partisan feelings about incumbents were the reverse in 2006, when the GOP held majorities in the House and Senate. In November 2006, 69% of Republicans, 52% of Democrats and 45% of independents wanted to see their own member of Congress re-elected.

One of the enduring paradoxes of US politics under the conditions of the two-party state is the disparity between individuals' attitudes toward the Congress as a whole, on the one hand, and their own representatives, on the other. This disconnect can go some way toward explaining the power of incumbency even in times of widespread anti-incumbent sentiment. Meanwhile, support for third party alternatives to the Democratic-Republican duopoly system of government is holding steady. A majority of Americans support the idea of a major third party:
Just over half (52%) of Americans say the U.S. should have a third major political party in addition to the Democrats and Republicans, while four-in-ten (40%) disagree. This is little changed from last year, when 56% favored a third party and 38% opposed the idea.

Support for a third party continues to be widespread among independents. As was the case last year, 70% of independents say we should have a third major political party. Just 44% of both Republicans and Democrats agree. There is also a consistent difference between younger and older Americans. In the current poll, 63% of Americans under age 30 support the idea of a third political party, compared with just 37% of those ages 65 and older.

Given such numbers, one might wonder why support for actual independent and third party alternatives to the stooges of the Democratic-Republican Party remains relatively low. This disparity, at least at the national level, is at least partly explained by the ideological diversity of political independents. At FiveThirtyEight, Nate Silver recently provided a helpful typology of independent voters, writing:

the category of ‘independents’ includes:
1) People who are mainline Democrats or Republicans for all intents and purposes, but who reject the formality of being labeled as such;
2) People who have a mix of conservative and liberal views that don’t fit neatly onto the one-dimensional political spectrum, such as libertarians;
3) People to the extreme left or the extreme right of the political spectrum, who consider the Democratic and Republican parties to be equally contemptible;
4) People who are extremely disengaged from politics and who may not have fully-formed political views;
5) True-blue moderates;
6) Members of organized third parties.

For local and state level polities, however, the ranks of independents are likely somewhat more homogeneous. Consider two recent polls tracking support for gubernatorial candidates in the Northeast. In Massachusetts, support for independent candidate Tim Cahill puts him in a statistical tie with the incumbent Democrat Deval Patrick's likely Republican rivals. From Rasmussen, via The Thirds:

Patrick now captures 34% of the vote against either possible Republican challenger, Christy Mihos or Charlie Baker, when newly announced independent candidate Tim Cahill is added to the mix. Mihos earns 23% of the vote in a three-way race. Baker picks up 24% in a contest with Patrick and Cahill. In both scenarios, Cahill, the state treasurer who was elected as a Democrat but quit the party this summer, gets 23% of the vote and 19% are undecided.

In a recent poll from Rhode Island, independent gubernatorial candidate Lincoln Chafee is leading both likely Democratic rivals and the probably Republican candidate. The Thirds sums up the findings:

The poll has independent former Senator Lincoln Chafee leading in races versus Republican Rory Smith, and Democrats General Treasurer Frank Caprio and Attorney General Patrick Lynch. The poll shows the former Republican Chafee getting 36 or 37 percent of the vote depending up on the match-up. In a race versus and Attorney General Lynch and Smith Chafee leads 37-24-15. The match-up is much closer with the Democrat being General Treasurer Caprio, but Chafee is still in the lead 36-34-8. In the poll undecideds are still in the 20’s.

These are two races to keep an eye on.

On the Primary Delusion, or, the Primary Election Takes Place on Election Day

A common rhetorical strategy employed by partisans of the Democratic and Republican Parties is to supplement specious arguments against third party and independent activism with calls to mount primary campaigns against undesirable incumbents or the candidates favored by the party establishment. In this, there is little difference between conservative Republican radio talk show hosts such as Rush Limbaugh and progressive Democratic net-roots activists such as Markos Moulitsas. Third party and independent advocacy, they argue, is at best superfluous and at worst counter-productive, since anyone interested in challenging the political status quo can do so from within either of the duopoly parties.

The emphasis on the importance and alleged effectiveness of the primary challenge is nothing more than a means by which ideologues of the duopoly system of government seek to redirect popular impulses against the two-party political status quo into established channels that serve to reinforce the two-party political status quo. It is a mechanism of co-optation. The primary purpose of the primary challenge is to bring the independently-minded – those of us whose better judgment has determined that the machinations of the ruling Democratic-Republican political party apparatus is part of the problem and not its solution, to paraphrase Ronald Reagan – back into the fold of the Democratic-Republican Party. At best it is an argument in favor of infiltration, at worst a cynical attempt to expand membership beyond the dwindling number of duopolist dead-enders. It is not simply fortuitous that in many states one must be a member of a party to vote in its primary. Even in states where there is no registration by party, the primary process clearly aims to put independents into the service of the partisan charade characteristic of the duopoly system. At South Carolina's Post and Courier, Barbara Williams recently reflected on the minutia of that state's Democratic-Republican primary process:
Some already find the primary selection process confusing enough due to the fact that there is no party registration in this state. You can vote in the Democratic primary one year and in the Republican the next. But you can't vote in both on the same day. Rather than voting in either primary, some independents opt to wait until the parties select their nominees for the general election. There will be no primary ballot, for example, that includes all 10 gubernatorial candidates. Neither can primary voters pick both the Republican and Democrat they like best for governor. Some post-debate primary straw polls do allow partisans to weigh in on candidates in both parties, an obvious flaw. A primary ballot has only one party's slate of candidates, not both. There's little doubt that it won't be long before the savvy candidates are concentrating on appearances before groups most likely to vote in their primaries and to convince voters that they are the better choice than the four other candidates with whom they are actually competing.
Following Doug Hoffman's third party insurgent campaign in NY-23rd, Republican ideologues have been hard at work attempting to convince conservatives to accept the adequacy of the primary process. Democrats, of course, receive the secondary benefit of not having to make this case outright, while framing internecine Republican struggles as a "civil war" even as they prepare the ground for their own primary campaigns. None of this, however, changes the fact that the primary process is incapable of addressing the problem that is the two-party political charade and the duopoly system of government. A potential result of this constellation may well be a rise in bitter primary campaigns within the duopoly parties followed by general elections featuring competitive third party and independent challengers. Consider the Republican primary race taking shape in Virginia's 5th Congressional District, currently represented by Democrat Tom Perriello. Brian McNeill reports for Go Dan River:

The national Republican Party has gotten behind the primary candidacy of state Sen. Robert Hurt, R-Chatham, pointing out that he has a proven ability to win elections that cover large portions of the district’s southern half.

Among the 5th District’s conservative rank-and-file, however, Hurt is not necessarily the favored candidate.

Bill Hay, chairman of the Jefferson Area Tea Party, announced Friday that he is endorsing Albemarle County real estate investor Laurence Verga in the GOP primary. Hay, a Greene County resident, said grassroots conservatives in the district dislike certain aspects of Hurt’s record, most notably his 2004 vote in favor of then-Gov. Mark R. Warner’s $1.4 billion package to increase the sales tax and lower certain other taxes. Hay said he is “disturbed” that the national GOP, as opposed to local conservative activists, seems to be trying to choose the 5th District nominee.

One primary hopeful, tea party activist Bradley Rees, has already withdrawn from the race and announced his intention to mount a third party campaign. In his statement, we read:
Right here in Virginia’s 5th District . . . Out of 7 declared candidates so far for the Republican nomination, only one has even drawn a comment from the National Republican Congressional Committee, and they sounded very pleased that this person had entered the race. With the track record they have in other races around the country, my question is this: why should we trust THEIR judgment here, in OUR nominating process? The answer is, quite clearly, we shouldn’t . . . I had hoped the GOP establishment would have learned a lesson in November of 2006. They didn’t . . .

Starting in January, I intend to begin laying the groundwork and getting my support structure in place to run on the Virginia Conservative Party platform. It may amount to only drawing enough votes from the Republican candidate to ensure Tom Perriello a second term. If so, so be it. Maybe then, the party will understand that we are trying to save the GOP from its worst enemy: not the Democrats, but themselves. I do not plan to do this on a whim, only to be a spoiler, but to give the people a chance to make their voices heard.
I am not certain, but Rees is likely referring to the Virginia affiliate of the American Conservative Party. As Lincoln's dictum indicates, the ideologues and partisans of the two-party state and the duopoly system of government cannot fool all of the people all of the time. Despite their Orwellian language games, the primary election remains that which takes place on election day.

The Dialectic of the Subjective and the Objective in the Reproduction of the Two-Party State, Cont'd

Yesterday, considering the dialectic of the subjective and the objective in the reproduction of the two-party state, I wrote that the objective and subjective hurdles to third party and independent politics . . .
stand in a reciprocal relationship with one another that reinforces the prejudice in support of the political status quo: the objective hurdles faced by independent or third party campaigns reinforce the subjective impression that success is all but impossible. The subjective impression itself becomes one more objective hurdle that must be overcome by any successful independent or third party campaign, paradoxically, even despite widespread discontent with the reigning two-party political status quo.
Perhaps we can take this line of thought a few steps further. Since last week's elections, consideration of the potential for future independent and third party insurgencies against the duopoly parties has been a recurring motif in the political media and press. This past weekend, on CBS's Face the Nation, Bob Schiefer discussed the 2009 election results with "Democratic Congresswoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz from Florida and Republican political consultant Ed Rollins." Schieffer eventually suggested the possibility of third party and independent opposition in future elections:
SCHIEFFER: Do you expect, though, in more of these primaries that you’re going to see maybe sometimes third-party conservatives and conservatives of another stripe challenging the incumbent?
ROLLINS: It may occur. The bottom line is it’s not easy to get on ballots most places. There’s the two-party system. [Emphasis added.] New York has multiple parties and you can -- be a conservative candidate without the whole -- but to get on in a lot of places, it’s very, very difficult. I don’t ever underestimate conservative populists. I basically, as you know, managed Ross Perot’s campaign for a brief period, and I watched a movement, because there was a dissatisfaction with the two parties. I think today, this conservative element is out there.
SCHULTZ: The ballot access is not the issue. I mean, they’re going to have a massive civil war just within their own Republican primaries, I mean, all across this country. And it’s already starting to happen. [Emphasis added.]
On Friday, Andrew Napolitano interviewed Ron and Rand Paul while sitting in for Glenn Beck, and touched on the same topic:
Judge Andrew Napolitano: Congressman Paul, we just witnessed a third party candidate running for Congress in Upstate New York . . . will this spawn more and similar efforts by third party, as your son calls them, constitutionalist Republicans around the country?

Ron Paul: Well, I think there will be a lot more, but I think it really made Rand’s point that the leadership is at fault so often. It was the leadership that handpicked their candidate that finally dropped out of the race and became a Democrat, so that makes it a very strong point. So hopefully, they’ll get their act together and get the strong candidates that believe in limited government and believe what they say ought to be followed through with policy. That’s where the real problem is. I just don’t see in the near future a third party taking over, not because it wouldn’t be advantageous, but mainly because the laws are so biased and the credibility in the media. It just doesn’t happen. So the two major parties, which very often aren’t a whole lot different, make it very difficult to compete. You can’t get into debates. You can’t participate, so I think the battle will be fought in the big two parties. [Emphasis added.]
In both instances, the question was whether we will see a rise in third party activism, and in both instances the response was that this is unlikely because the barriers against third party and independent campaigns are too difficult to overcome, but that there will be significant opposition mounted during the primaries. We see here a perfect example of how the "objective hurdles faced by independent or third party campaigns reinforce the subjective impression that success is all but impossible," and hence how the subjective impression becomes, in turn, an objective hurdle to third party and independent advocacy. Consider, however, the context of these two discussions, namely, the congressional race in NY's 23rd and by extension the gubernatorial contest in New Jersey. In the former, a third party candidate successfully marginalized a duopolist opponent and nearly won the race, while in the latter an independent candidate qualified for matching funds and a place in the debates, won the endorsements of influential media outlets etc. Thus, the subjective impression of impossibility functions as an objective hurdle to third party advocacy even when there is no objective basis for that impression. Indeed, perhaps this is the precise moment of its objectivation. The suspicion is therefore warranted that the objective hurdle, the supposed impossibility of breaking open the two-party system, is nothing more than a subjective prejudice. Despite the difficulty of the undertaking, third party and independent candidates for office consistently obtain ballot access, regularly take part in debates, receive coverage and even support in the mainstream media etc. Moreover, they win elections: the Libertarian Party, for instance, elected or re-elected seventeen candidates for office nationwide last week. It is certainly no coincidence, and no surprise, that the primary purveyors of the impossibility thesis are partisans of the Democratic-Republican Party and the reproduction of the political status quo.

Media Bias and Third Party, Independent Politics

A favorite pastime of liberal and conservative supporters of the two-party political status quo is criticizing the mainstream media and the political press for their conservative or liberal bias, respectively, which means the media's bias toward the positions espoused by representatives of the Democratic or Republican Parties. The synthesis of these two critiques reveals the media bias against third party and independent politics: insofar as media bias supports the positions of Republicans and Democrats it excludes third party and independent perspectives on a given issue. However, this synthesis also reveals the critical potential of the political press: insofar as media bias results in opposition to the positions of Republicans and Democrats it necessitates consideration of perspectives outside of those represented by the two-party political status quo. It is no coincidence that even moderately strong campaigns by third party and independent candidates for office regularly lead the political press to speculate on the possibility of widespread third party and independent opposition to the duopoly system of government. Often, however, such pieces result only in the reproduction and reinforcement of duopoly ideology. And the reason for this is quite simple: when considering the possibilities and potentials for third party and independent activism, the media regularly only consult advocates of the Republican and Democratic Parties. Part of the reason for this is institutional. As David Brooks recently wrote in a column for the NYT:
Liberals and conservatives each have their own intellectual food chains. They have their own think tanks to provide arguments, politicians and pundits to amplify them, and news media outlets to deliver streams of prejudice-affirming stories. Independents, who are the largest group in the electorate, don’t have any of this. They don’t have institutional affiliations. They don’t look to certain activist lobbies for guidance. There aren’t many commentators who come from an independent perspective.
At the same time, however, for the purposes of the everyday political news report or the television news panel discussion, one presumes that there are innumerable advocates of third party and independent politics who would be more than happy to provide a perspective that is not beholden to the Democratic-Republican Party machines or the reproduction of the political status quo. That such perspectives are often not included in political discussions and debate, even those which revolve around the topic of third party and independent politics, is likely the result of nothing more than duopolist bias.

On the Dialectic of the Subjective and the Objective in the Reproduction of the Two-Party State

At The Kansas City Star, Dave Helling reports on the state of the independent movement and the potential for third party activism:
In dozens of polls and surveys, more people than ever before now describe themselves as independents — angry and frustrated with Republicans and Democrats. At the same time, the number of voters pledging allegiance to either major party has plummeted to a near-record low . . . “They want to get past special interest politics,” said Jackie Salit, president of the Committee for a Unified Independent Party, a group formed to make independents a “force” in national politics.
The question for independent and third party activists, as always, is how to turn this discontent with the Democratic and Republican Parties into positive support for alternatives to the duopoly system of government. Though there are a great many objective hurdles to third party and independent politics – from draconian ballot access laws and institutionalized discrimination against independent and third party campaigns for office to the duopolized dialogue and the sheer inertial momentum of the political status quo – it may well be the case that the greatest barriers to third party and independent politics are subjective in nature, the set of political prejudices that constitute duopoly ideology and create the conditions necessary for the reproduction of the two-party state even against the better judgment of a majority of the population. And, of course, the two stand in a reciprocal relationship with one another that reinforces the prejudice in support of the political status quo: the objective hurdles faced by independent or third party campaigns reinforce the subjective impression that success is all but impossible. The subjective impression itself becomes one more objective hurdle that must be overcome by any successful independent or third party campaign, paradoxically, even despite widespread discontent with the reigning two-party political status quo. For this reason it is necessary to counter the prejudices constitutive of duopoly ideology at every possible turn.

Updates: Third Party and Indpendent Candidates for Office 2010 and the Rough Guide to the Third Party Blogopshere

I have updated Poli-Tea's list of third party and independent candidates for office in 2010 as well as the Rough Guide to the Third Party Blogosphere. As of this counting, for the mid-term elections, there are over 150 third party and independent candidates in 41 states who have announced runs for governor, the US Senate or the House of Representatives. In the Rough Guide, I added sections on anarchism as well as the US Pirate Party, and expanded the sections on the Greens, Libertarians, Independents, Modern Whigs, Socialists, anti-duopolists, and third party issue advocacy. As always comments and suggestions are welcome.

Third Party Tea Party

Florida tea party activists have officially declared their independence from the political farce that is the two-party system and had their group certified as a minor political party. At the Daily Commercial, David Donald writes:

Tea party members in Florida now have a party to call their own. Florida Secretary of State Kurt Browning certified the Tea Party as an official minor political party, according to a Tea Party statement released Friday.

"Over the past year or more, we have seen a growing disenchantment with the existing two-party system," stated Orlando attorney Frederic O'Neal, Tea Party Chairman, in a press release. "The current system has become mired in the sludge of special interest money that seeks to control the leadership of both parties. It's time for real change . . .

The Tea Party joins 31 other minor political parties certified by the state. Some of those parties include the Reform Party, Green Party, Real Food Party of the United States of America, Prohibition Party, Veterans Party of America, The Christian Party and Florida Socialist Workers Party.

The certification allows the Tea Party to recruit its own candidates to run for state and local office in Florida.

Unfortunately, I have not been able to track down any more reports on this development nor have I found any corresponding announcements on Florida tea party websites. However, group has been listed on the political parties page of the the Florida Department of State and has been entered into site's committee tracking system.

On the Red State Republican Crypto-Communist Electoral Strategy: Against Infiltration

Given that Red State's Eric Erickson was one of the earliest Republican supporters of Doug Hoffman's third party candidacy for the special election in NY-23, Red State diarists have begun penance for their third party heresy. Consider "Third Parties Are Not the Answer," which was posted by nedryun, and may or may not have been authored by Erickson himself. Let's refute this apologia for the two-party state and call to political infiltrationism point by point.

Following the introduction, the author begins from a position favored by historical fatalists, writing: "American politics always has been, and for the foreseeable future, will be, a two party system." This is the myth by which ideologues of the two-party state justify the continued existence of the political status quo, turning a contingent historical-political constellation into a quasi-eternal condition of politics as such. As any reader of these pages is likely well aware, and, as I sometimes tire of reiterating, the United States does not have any "party system" whatsoever, as none is mandated by the Constitution. Rather, what is called the "two-party system" is nothing more than the form by which the people of the United States are systematically disenfranchised and alienated from their supposedly representative government.

The Red State diarist then goes on to unveil the central argument of the piece, namely, that conservatives would be better served by infiltrating the Republican Party than by engaging in third party and independent activism. As we are well aware, the argument in favor of infiltration refutes itself. What is noteworthy in the present context is the authority by which the author legitimates his argument in favor of infiltration. We read:
Some argue that the Republican Party is so dominated by DC insiders and special interests that the only way to break their strangle-hold on the party is to go the third party route. I strongly disagree and think we could learn some lessons from the left on this issue. In February of 1974, in Ramparts magazine, G. William Domhoff, a socialist, wrote “Blueprints for a New Society.” In that article, Domhoff argues that those running under the Communist Party banner should stop doing so and instead run within the Democratic Party . . . Domhoff struck on some very important points with this article, points that limited government conservatives would be wise to use. [Emphasis added.]
Is it necessary to point out the irony of a Red State diarist employing a Cold War crypto-Communist strategy for taking over the Democratic Party in the mid-seventies to justify continued allegiance to the two-party statist model of representative government in 2009? Perhaps here it would make more sense, or at least be more interesting, to reveal the contradiction inherent to Domhoff's position rather than engage his Red State Republican acolyte. Allow me, then, to put forward an argument that both the doctrinaire Marxist and the duopolist ideologue can easily comprehend: an argument by authority. In the Preamble to the Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx writes:
Communism is already acknowledged by all European powers to be itself a power. It is high time that Communists should openly, in the face of the whole world, publish their views, their aims, their tendencies, and meet this nursery tale of the spectre of Communism with a manifesto of the party itself. [Emphasis added.]
In other words, the point of the Communist Manifesto and the strategy it envisions is not to secretly infiltrate the powers that be and somehow effect their transformation from the inside, but rather to stand on principle and in open opposition to those powers in order to change the dynamics of the balance of power. Unlike principled revolutionaries of any stripe, infiltrationists prefer a strategy that, above all else, compromises with the ruling parties and affirms the political forms that maintain the reigning political status quo. The Red State diarist continues:
Some will argue that the major parties are corrupt, controlled by wealthy interests and DC insiders, and that every election is really a choice between the evils of two lessers. I can’t say I disagree. But the reason major parties are controlled by such interests is that many limited government conservatives have failed to realize that the parties are only vehicles to achieve political ends.
Indeed, the Democratic and Republican Parties are the vehicles by which "wealthy interests and DC insiders" achieve their corrupted political ends. It is precisely for this reason that the Democratic and Republican Parties are not an appropriate means to oppose corrupt, entrenched, political elites, or achieve ends opposite to theirs. From this simple insight, the refutation of the author's final point easily follows. He writes:

The third party route will only entrench the interests even more because nothing effective will be done — can be done — against them from outside the party.
On the contrary, it is only from the outside, in open opposition to the Democratic-Republican duopoly system of government, that the scope of political representation can be expanded to include interests other than those of corrupt elites and political insiders. Infiltration of the Democratic and Republican Parties only serves to provide political cover for the theft, or rather, the purchase, of political office.

Two Party Ideology: A Nest of Contradictions, Paradoxes and Tautology

As expected, following Tuesday's elections, the apologists of the two-party state and the partisans of the duopoly system of government have come out in force against third party and independent activism. And we shall see, yet again, that duopoly ideology is nothing but a nest of contradictions, paradoxes and tautology. Rush Limbaugh argues that "conservatism didn't lose in NY-23":
If this doesn't silence all the third-party people out there, it should. People were mistakenly looking at this as a third-party race, and it wasn't a third-party race (as I keep saying) because there was no primary there. Had there been a primary who knows who would have won. Hoffman might have won.
Limbaugh continues to pretend that Hoffman was not a third party candidate, a position he must hold because otherwise his support of Hoffman would contradict his duopolist prejudice in favor of the Republican Party. Thus, he argues that because NY-23 was a special election and there was no primary, it happened that the conservative candidate ended up on a third party ballot line because the party bosses nominated a liberal Republican. Ironically, however, with his "contrasting" example Limbaugh still ends up in self-contradiction. He continues:
See, New Jersey is a great contrast. In New Jersey, they had a primary. There was a guy that was more conservative than Christie, Steve Lonegan. They had a primary and Christie won the primary and the party got behind the winner.
So, Limbaugh argues that NY-23rd was a special case, that the conservative candidate ended up on third party ballot line because there was no primary, however, his example from NJ shows that even with a primary the conservative candidate did not end up on the GOP ballot line, since Republican voters passed over conservative Lonegan in favor of establishmentarian Christie. Limbaugh's primary argument refutes itself.

Obviously, liberal and progressive partisans of the two-party state are equally dismissive of third party and independent strategy. At Daily Kos, Kos mocks conservative activists who would "rather lose general election races than make gains in Congress with (in their eyes) less-than-perfect Republicans." At A Tiny Revolution, Bernard Chazelle reveals this position for what it is. Considering Kos's analysis together with David Corn's, he writes:
Both embed NY23 within a narrative of power and strategy. As good liberal pundits, they only see a story of suicidal conservatives displaying Palinesque levels of stupidity. They'd rather lose a seat than compromise their principles. Hahaha! Now how dumb is that? Surely no liberals would commit such a sin. They'll go with Blue Dogs and Green Hyenas if that's the road to power . . . I happen to detest virtually every single one of these principles . . . But there's still something to be said about a political movement that would rather lose an election than its principles: a concept completely alien to the liberal establishment.
Next, in an interview with the Christian Science Monitor, Mike Huckabee gave his take on the race, demonstrating that he is nothing more than a duopolist stooge:
Huckabee is against third-party candidates. More often than not, he says, they end up throwing the race to the candidate voters like least. He was surprised that Republican Chris Christie defeated incumbent Gov. Jon Corzine (D) in New Jersey, despite the presence of an independent candidate in the race.

“I continually remind people, if you really don’t like what either of the parties are doing – and there are a lot of people who don’t – pick one that you like a little more than you like the other, that you hate the least, get involved in it, and change it,” Huckabee said. [Emphasis added.]

Though Huckabee is apparently incapable of marshaling anything other than the worn out old lesser-of-two-evils argument, at least he is honest in admitting to the completely reactionary character of duopoly politics. Huckabee, however, reveals the contradiction involved in the big tent circus politics of the Democratic-Republican Party:

“The tent could be big, but it shouldn’t have holes in the ceiling and let the rain come through,” he continued. “What we have to be careful of is, we don’t have a party that says, it has to be just like me and nothing but. Can there be people who don’t have my view on the sanctity of life in the Republican Party? Of course. People who have a different view of marriage than I do? Sure they can. “Can they be Republican? Yes. Will they get my support? No.”

In other words, Huckabee effectively states: I support big tent circus politics, but I won't support anyone whose views significantly diverge from mine; I support a Republican Party that tolerates moderates and liberals, but I do not support moderates and liberals in the Republican Party. It is no coincidence that alleged liberal-progressives such as BooMan at the Booman Tribune agree with Huckabee's stance with regard to duopoly politics:

In our two-party system, Huckabee is entirely correct. But, what if Conservative Party nominee Doug Hoffman had won the special election in Upstate New York? Well...he would have caucused with the Republicans. In fact, he would have run for re-election as a Republican. That's pretty much what would happen to a successful Green Party candidate, too. Maybe they wouldn't run again as a Democrat, but only if, as is done for Bernie Sanders, the Dems agreed not to offer their own candidate . . .

In the long-term, there is merit in campaigning to change our winner-take-all elections. But, until that happens, the only way to actually get different ideas represented in Washington is to elect Democrats and Republicans who espouse those different ideas. [Emphasis added.]

The paradox in the Booman's commentary is readily apparent. He states that: "the only way to actually get different ideas represented in Washington is to elect Democrats and Republicans who espouse those different ideas." The problem, however, is that Democrats and Republicans do not espouse different ideas, they represent the same ideas over and over again; indeed they represent the very same constituencies: corporate donors and the entrenched ruling political class. The two-party system cannot be changed from the inside. If it could, it would no longer exist. To decide to work within the two-party system is to be defeated by it from the outset, it is to decide to become part of the problem.


Finally, at FiveThirtyEight, Nate Silver demonstrates how vapid tautologies are commonly substituted for real analysis by the propagandists of the two-party state. He uses as an example interpretations of the independent vote:

Why did Democrats lose in Virginia and New Jersey on Tuesday? Because independent voters moved against them, say the pundits. This is true, insofar as it goes; Democrats lost independents nearly 2:1 in the gubernatorial race in Virginia, and by a 25-point margin in New Jersey. But it doesn't really tell us very much. It's a lot like saying: the Yankees won the Game 6 last night because they scored more runs than the Phillies. Or: the unemployment rate went up because there were fewer jobs.

In almost every competitive general election, the party that loses the contest has also lost independent voters . . . it's independents who swing the vote, since they represent the overwhelming majority of the votes which are up-for-grabs. This must necessarily be the case . . . But in politics, it's not the proximate cause we're interested in but the ultimate one . . . what caused the independents to move against the Democrats? That's what we're really interested in, since that's what will have implications for future elections.

For those of us who are interested in breaking the two-party electoral duopoly, the question is thus not what caused independents to move against the Democrats, but rather what causes them to continue to vote for Republicans or Democrats? What are the conditions under which Americans will actually liberate themselves from the Democratic and Republican duopoly system of government? In a commentary for Pennsylvania's The Morning Call, columnist Paul Carpenter called on readers to "get angry over electoral monopoly":

At the peak of the Cold War, every American schoolchild was taught that one of the chief horrors of the Soviet Bloc was the way the Communists stacked the deck to get their flunkies voted into positions of power. They staged grandiose elections, which were a farce because it was impossible for anything but the one-party monopoly to have candidates on any ballot.

This may be viewed as a seditious thing to say, but a close look at Tuesday's ballots seems to suggest we are headed in the same direction. On all of the ballots in this region, there was only one major candidate not controlled by the two-party monopoly. The two-party system is better than a one-party system, but not by much. The leaders of both major parties no longer have the slightest interest in serving the needs and wants of average citizens.

 
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